LightRidge Example -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tutorial Authors: Yingjie Li, Cunxi Yu (University of Utah) Recently, there are increasing efforts on optical neural networks and optical computing based DNNs hardware, which bring significant advantages for machine learning systems in terms of their power efficiency, parallelism and computational speed. Among them, free-space diffractive deep neural networks (D2NNs) , which is based on the light diffraction, feature millions of neurons in each layer interconnected with neurons in neighboring layers. This ultrahigh density and parallelism make this system possess fast and high throughput computing capability. In this tutorial, we demonstrate that our LightRidge framework can be used to effectively implement and train D2NNs. *[1] Lin, Xing, Yair Rivenson, Nezih T. Yardimci, Muhammed Veli, Yi Luo, Mona Jarrahi, and Aydogan Ozcan. "All-optical machine learning using diffractive deep neural networks." Science 361, no. 6406 (2018): 1004-1008.* *[2] Li, Yingjie, Ruiyang Chen, Berardi Sensale-Rodriguez, Weilu Gao, and Cunxi Yu. "Real-time multi-task diffractive deep neural networks via hardware-software co-design." Scientific reports 11, no. 1 (2021): 1-9.* =================================================== D2NNs setups definition (visible range laser input) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code:: bash wavelength = laser wavelenght (unit: meter) pixel_size = pixel size of phase mask (unit: meter) distance = diffraction distance (unit: meter) depth = number of layers (default: 5 layers [1]) D2NNs setups training ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code:: bash batch_size = batch size (500) lr = learning rate (0.1) epochs = number of training iterations (5) amp_factor = regularization factor (2) ==================================================== Example: 5-Layer D2NN system proposed in [1] (Figure is from [1] Fig. 1) .. image:: tutorials/tutorial_01_d2nn_training_files/sci18.jpg ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. code:: ipython3 wavelength = 5.32e-7 pixel_size = 0.000036 sys_size=200 distance=0.25 pad=50 depth=5 amp_factor=2 batch_size=500 lr=0.1 epochs=10 .. code:: ipython3 import os,csv,random from time import time import pathlib, argparse import numpy as np from tqdm import tqdm import pandas as pd import torch, torchvision import torch.nn.functional as F from torchvision import transforms from torch.utils.data import DataLoader import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import pickle Loading LightRidge Package ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code:: ipython3 import lightbridge.data as dataset import lightbridge.layers as layers import lightbridge.utils as utils import lightbridge.models as models device="cuda:0" .. code:: ipython3 print("training and testing on MNIST10 dataset") load_dataset = dataset.load_dataset(batch_size = batch_size, system_size = sys_size, datapath = "./data") train_dataloader, val_dataloader = load_dataset.MNIST() lightridge.layers API supports three different forward functions that can be selected for users, based on the optical systems they have. Functions included 1) Fresnel 2) Sommerfeld 3) Fraunhofer approximations. Our pre-implemented is implemented using lightridge.layers API. .. code:: ipython3 model = models.DiffractiveClassifier_Raw(wavelength=wavelength, pixel_size=pixel_size, sys_size=sys_size, distance=distance, pad = pad, num_layers=depth, amp_factor=amp_factor,Fresnel=True).to(device) .. parsed-literal:: Network is constructed using Fresnel approximation Network is constructed using Fresnel approximation Network is constructed using Fresnel approximation Network is constructed using Fresnel approximation Network is constructed using Fresnel approximation Network is constructed using Fresnel approximation .. code:: ipython3 def train(model,train_dataloader, val_dataloader): criterion = torch.nn.MSELoss(reduction='sum').cuda() print('training starts.') optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=lr) scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer,step_size=20, gamma=0.5) for epoch in range(epochs): log = [epoch] model.train() train_len, train_running_counter, train_running_loss = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 tk0 = tqdm(train_dataloader, ncols=105, total=int(len(train_dataloader))) for train_iter, train_data_batch in enumerate(tk0): train_images, train_labels = utils.data_to_cplex(train_data_batch, device=device) train_outputs = model(train_images) train_loss_ = criterion(train_outputs, train_labels) train_counter_ = torch.eq(torch.argmax(train_labels, dim=1), torch.argmax(train_outputs, dim=1)).float().sum() optimizer.zero_grad() train_loss_.backward(retain_graph=True) optimizer.step() train_len += len(train_labels) train_running_loss += train_loss_.item() train_running_counter += train_counter_ train_loss = train_running_loss / train_len train_accuracy = train_running_counter / train_len tk0.set_description_str('Epoch {}/{} : Training'.format(epoch, epochs-1)) tk0.set_postfix({'Train_Loss': '{:.2f}'.format(train_loss), 'Train_Accuracy': '{:.5f}'.format(train_accuracy)}) scheduler.step() log.append(train_loss) log.append(train_accuracy) val_loss, val_accuracy = eval(model, val_dataloader) log.append(val_loss) log.append(val_accuracy) return train_loss, train_accuracy, val_loss, val_accuracy, log .. code:: ipython3 def eval(model, val_dataloader): criterion = torch.nn.MSELoss(reduction='sum').cuda() with torch.no_grad(): model.eval() val_len,val_running_counter,val_running_loss = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 tk1 = tqdm(val_dataloader, ncols=105, total=int(len(val_dataloader))) for val_iter, val_data_batch in enumerate(tk1): val_images, val_labels = utils.data_to_cplex(val_data_batch,device=device) val_outputs = model(val_images) val_loss_ = criterion(val_outputs, val_labels) val_counter_ = torch.eq(torch.argmax(val_labels, dim=1), torch.argmax(val_outputs, dim=1)).float().sum() val_len += len(val_labels) val_running_loss += val_loss_.item() val_running_counter += val_counter_ val_loss = val_running_loss / val_len val_accuracy = val_running_counter / val_len tk1.set_description_str('Validating') tk1.set_postfix({'Val_Loss': '{:.5f}'.format(val_loss), 'Val_Accuarcy': '{:.5f}'.format(val_accuracy)}) return val_loss, val_accuracy .. code:: ipython3 train(model, train_dataloader, val_dataloader) .. parsed-literal:: Epoch 0/9 : Training: 100%|███| 120/120 [00:20<00:00, 5.73it/s, Train_Loss=0.28, Train_Accuracy=0.81483] Validating: 100%|████████████████| 20/20 [00:02<00:00, 6.80it/s, Val_Loss=0.07260, Val_Accuarcy=0.95500] Epoch 1/9 : Training: 100%|███| 120/120 [00:19<00:00, 6.14it/s, Train_Loss=0.07, Train_Accuracy=0.95938] Validating: 100%|████████████████| 20/20 [00:02<00:00, 7.02it/s, Val_Loss=0.06925, Val_Accuarcy=0.95810] Epoch 2/9 : Training: 100%|███| 120/120 [00:19<00:00, 6.17it/s, Train_Loss=0.06, Train_Accuracy=0.96353] Validating: 100%|████████████████| 20/20 [00:02<00:00, 7.08it/s, Val_Loss=0.07265, Val_Accuarcy=0.95620] Epoch 3/9 : Training: 100%|███| 120/120 [00:20<00:00, 5.84it/s, Train_Loss=0.06, Train_Accuracy=0.96713] Validating: 100%|████████████████| 20/20 [00:03<00:00, 6.56it/s, Val_Loss=0.05647, Val_Accuarcy=0.96570] Epoch 4/9 : Training: 100%|███| 120/120 [00:19<00:00, 6.08it/s, Train_Loss=0.05, Train_Accuracy=0.96923] Validating: 100%|████████████████| 20/20 [00:02<00:00, 6.76it/s, Val_Loss=0.05655, Val_Accuarcy=0.96700] Epoch 5/9 : Training: 100%|███| 120/120 [00:19<00:00, 6.09it/s, Train_Loss=0.06, Train_Accuracy=0.96818] Validating: 100%|████████████████| 20/20 [00:03<00:00, 6.61it/s, Val_Loss=0.05789, Val_Accuarcy=0.96570] Epoch 6/9 : Training: 100%|███| 120/120 [00:19<00:00, 6.22it/s, Train_Loss=0.05, Train_Accuracy=0.96978] Validating: 100%|████████████████| 20/20 [00:02<00:00, 6.98it/s, Val_Loss=0.05078, Val_Accuarcy=0.96910] Epoch 7/9 : Training: 100%|███| 120/120 [00:19<00:00, 6.13it/s, Train_Loss=0.05, Train_Accuracy=0.96920] Validating: 100%|████████████████| 20/20 [00:02<00:00, 7.33it/s, Val_Loss=0.05996, Val_Accuarcy=0.96410] Epoch 8/9 : Training: 100%|███| 120/120 [00:19<00:00, 6.05it/s, Train_Loss=0.06, Train_Accuracy=0.96725] Validating: 100%|████████████████| 20/20 [00:03<00:00, 6.66it/s, Val_Loss=0.05767, Val_Accuarcy=0.96500] Epoch 9/9 : Training: 100%|███| 120/120 [00:19<00:00, 6.06it/s, Train_Loss=0.05, Train_Accuracy=0.96865] Validating: 100%|████████████████| 20/20 [00:02<00:00, 7.03it/s, Val_Loss=0.05653, Val_Accuarcy=0.96530] Visualize Post-training Phase Parameters (weights of D2NNs) using LightRidge ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code:: ipython3 model.phase_view(None) .. image:: tutorials/tutorial_01_d2nn_training_files/tutorial_01_d2nn_training_13_0.png Visualize Inference (Forward) of D2NNs using LightRidge ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. code:: ipython3 load_dataset = dataset.load_dataset(batch_size = 4, system_size = sys_size, datapath = "./data") train_dataloader, val_dataloader = load_dataset.MNIST() with torch.no_grad(): model.eval() tk1 = tqdm(val_dataloader, ncols=105, total=int(len(val_dataloader))) for val_iter, val_data_batch in enumerate(tk1): val_images, val_labels = utils.data_to_cplex(val_data_batch,device=device) val_outputs = model.prop_view(val_images) break .. image:: tutorials/tutorial_01_d2nn_training_files/tutorial_01_d2nn_training_15_3.png .. image:: tutorials/tutorial_01_d2nn_training_files/tutorial_01_d2nn_training_15_4.png .. image:: tutorials/tutorial_01_d2nn_training_files/tutorial_01_d2nn_training_15_5.png .. image:: tutorials/tutorial_01_d2nn_training_files/tutorial_01_d2nn_training_15_6.png